Q1 – Week 8 – 20-21
week 8
Week of 10/26 – 10/30
Life continues to evolve within a changing environment.
Speciation and extinction have occurred throughout the Earth’s history, and life continues to evolve within a changing environment. However, the rates of speciation and extinction vary. Speciation can be slow and gradual or, as described by punctuated equilibrium, can occur in “bursts” followed by relatively quiet periods. At times of ecological stress, extinction rates can be rapid, and mass extinctions are often followed by adaptive radiation, the rapid evolution of species when new habitats open. Scientific evidence, including emergent diseases, chemical resistance and genomic data, supports the idea that evolution occurs for all organisms and that evolution explains the diversity of life on the planet.
A species can be defined as a group of individuals capable of interbreeding and exchanging genetic information to produce viable, fertile offspring. New species arise when two populations diverge from a common ancestor and become reproductively isolated. Although speciation can occur by different processes, reproductive isolation must be maintained for a species to remain distinct. Evidence that speciation has occurred includes fossil records and genomic data.
Form: PLEASE USE THE PRESENTATION BELOW THE FORM:
Micro Evolution Presentation:
Micro Evolution Presentation:
Video 2:
1. Counts hatched cyst’s, swimmers etc for your test groups for the Brine Shrimp Lab.
Period 9:
A gas mask of hydrogen sulfide has the potential to save lives in the future because humans have adapted to have a tolerance for hydrogen sulfide. This was probably a selective pressure that allowed mammals to survive both the Permian, Triassic, and KT extinctions. Hydrogen sulfide slows down the metabolism and mimics “cold blooded” organisms metabolism who use the environment to maintain their metabolism. Warm blooded organisms spend a lot of energy keeping their own metabolism (temperature high) no matter what the temperature is in the environment and are selected for in colder climates. Coldblooded animals spend far less energy on their metabolism and thus are selected for in warm climates.
Based on the Kump hypothesis, the Permian, Triassic, and, and KT occurred because of a trigger of increased carbon dioxide that lead to a microbial take-over that produced hydrogen sulfide. The increased carbon dioxide, will increases the acidity in our oceans that will kill out plankton layer, which is responsible for producing most of our oxygen and all of the food in our oceans. Phytoplankton, the plankton that uses photosynthesis to produce the organic material for life in out oceans. Photosynthesis takes in carbon dioxide and water and produced organic matter (food) for the rest of the ocean AND releases OXYGEN for the rest of us!!
Mammals or their most recent ancestors WHO ALREADY HAD had a mutation that increased reproductive fitness by allowing them to move slower and require less oxygen (less of it was available due to the death of phytoplankton). Only the small mammal ancestors survived as larger mammals who started to dominate the landscape as the biggest creatures on the planet BEFORE the dinosaurs perished because of there LARGER oxygen requirement NEEDED FOR LARGER ENERGY NEEDS to keep their larger bodies maintaining a higher metabolism.
The hydrogen sulfide has the ability to cool down the body long enough to keep a person alive for critical care. A person who is given hydrogen sulfide will come out of it perfectly fine, with the exception of lost brain tissue. However, in a choice between living and loss of brain tissue, losing brain tissue seems like a more advantageous option. This as not an issue with early mammals because their brains were smaller.
Long Range – Next weekend study plan
| Item | Key | Concept | Chapters text/Review videos |
| chi squared practice problem.pdf View Download |
Chi-squared practice problem | ||
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Evolution of homo sapiens form
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this was emailed but I can post | Morphology (difference in the structure) of organisms from fossils is used to determine how close organisms are related in terms of when they evolved and which organisms share a common ancestor. Cladograms and Evolutionary Trees are built from this evidence |
Text: 460 – 467
Text: 542 – 547 |
| Evolution 1 – Cladograms of Minions.pdf View Download |
Evolution 1 – Cladograms of Minions key p.pdf View Download |
Build Cladograms from observable differences in traits. | |
| Evolution 2 – Cladograms and biotech.pdf View Download |
Evolution 2 – Cladograms and biotech key p.pdf View Download |
Build Cladograms based on genetic evidence (nucleotides, protein differences). | |
| Cladogram Practice Problem new.pdf View Download |
A more difficult cladogram problem |
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| Evolution 3- Hardy-Weinberg Principle 1 Student .pdf View Download |
Evolution 3- Hardy-Weinberg Principle 1 complete key .pdf View Download |
Based on 5 conditions: No mutations, large population size, no gene flow, random mating, and no natural selection, the frequency of allelles for a train will stay constant. The equation: (p + q) = 1 (For total alleles in population) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 ( For the individuals) IN Reference Table: |
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Evolution 4- Hardy-Weinberg Principle 2 .pdf |
Evolution 4- Hardy-Weinberg Principle 2 Key p.pdf View Download |
Hardy-Wienberg Principle |
Text: 474-476 |
| Hardy – Weinberg Equilibrium practice problem new.pdf View Download |
Hardy-Wienberg Practice problem | ||
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Evolution 5 – Pocket Mouse Activity.pdf |
Evolution 5 – Pocket Mouse Activity key p.pdf View Download |
Hardy-Wienberg Principle take home quiz | |
| Genetic drift/Gene flow/types of Natural selection | Text 477 – 482 | ||
| Speciation- | Text 493 – 498 | ||
| Types of reproductive isolation | Text 490 – 491 | ||
| will be reviewed in class |
Origin of life – Stanley Miller
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Link to article | |
| will be reviewed in class | RNA World Hypothesis | Link to article | |
| Protein activity | Amino Acid to Proteins – Form and Function | TEXT pg 80 | |
| Protein Activity | Identify type of R groups and their attraction and bonds in secondary structures, tertiary structures | TEXT 78 – 79 | |
| Vocabulary words | Text | Vocabulary words | Text |
| Homologous structure | pg 463 | sexual dimorphism | pg 482 |
| Analogous Structure | pg 465 | heterozygote advantage | pg 484 |
| Convergent Evolution | pg 464 | Prezygotic barrier | pg 489 |
| Divergent Evolution | postzygotic barriers | pg 489 | |
| vestigial structures | pg 463 | polyploidy | pg 495 |
| biogeography | pg 466 | punctuated equilibria | pg 502 |
| founder effect | pg 477 | endosymbiosis | pg 516 |
| bottleneck effect | pg 478 | adaptive radiation | pg 524 |
| gene flow | pg 479 | mass extinction | pg 521 |
| genetic drift | pg 477 | polypeptides | pg 77 |
| fitness | pg 480 | protein | pg 77 |
| Directional selection |
pg 481 | amino acid | pg 78 |
| Disruptive selection | pg 481 | peptide bond | pg 80 |
| stabilizing selection | pg 481 | primary structure | pg 82 |
| Secondary Structure | pg 82 | ||
| Tertiary Structure | pg 83 | ||
| Hydrophobic | pg 51 | Quaternary Structure | pg 83 |
| Hydrophilic | pg 51 | Denaturation | pg 84 |
| non-polar molecules | dehydration reaction | pg 68 | |
| polar molecules | pg 46 | hydrolysis | pg 68 |
| allopatric speciation | pg 493 | ||
| sympatric speciation | pg 495 |