9/21 – Monday – “B” Day –period 2, – I 2(B,D) 3(D) AP CHEMISTRY
– period 2, – R 2(B,D) 3(D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 3,4 (LAB) – I 3(B) 4(B,D) AP CHEMISTRY
-period 3,4 (LAB) – R 3(B) 4(B,D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
– period 2, – R 2(B,D) 3(D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 3,4 (LAB) – R 3(B) 4(B,D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
Blue and Orange Team are Remote today. Please move to the week 3 – Remote Instruction page.
–period 2, – I 2(B,D) 3(D) AP CHEMISTRY – single period
-period 3,4 (LAB) – I 3(B) 4(B,D) AP CHEMISTRY – double
–period 2:
1. Collect Lab 1
2. Take the Re-take of Voltaic Cell Quiz.
– REMOTE Students – take the re-take
3. Begin – Lab 2 STEM- objectives, plan of action
-period 3,4 –
1. Collect Lab 1
2. Take the Retake of the Voltaic Cell Quiz
– Remote students – take the retake
3. Begin – Lab 2 STEM
4. Lab 2 – design a voltaic cell with greatest voltage– modest breakfast up for grabs
Given the following electrodes: Sn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al
and solutions:
potassium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate, tin (II) chloride,
iron (III) chloride, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate
9/21 – Monday – Homework
1: Please make one more submission to the Lead Acid Battery Form if needed.
2. Please watch the electrolytic cell introduction video (this is what I did after the in class quiz – 10 minutes:
3: Please review the electrolytic cell lecture below: (Due by Wednesday morning)
*Make new lecture on this worksheet directly.
4: Please complete the worksheet and review with key.
5. Complete the Form on the Electrolytic Cell:
End of Monday..
9/22 – Tuesday “C” Day – period 2, – I 2(A,C) 3(A) AP CHEMISTRY
–period 2, – R 2(A,C) 3(A) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 3,4 (LAB) – I. 3(C) 4(A,C) AP CHEMISTRY
-period 3,4 (LAB) – R 3(C) 4(A,C) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
–period 2, – R 2(A,C) 3(A) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 3,4 (LAB) – R 3(C) 4(A,C) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
RED Team and Green Team are remote today. Please move to week 3 – Remote instruction page.
period 2: (single Period), period 3:
1) Review the Lead Acid Battery Form
2) Electrolytic Cell- Electrolytic cell Demo of electrolysis of KI (aq)
Electroplating demo
– Took notes on worksheet for the 2 demos.
Today’s Demos:
Electrolysis of fused salt demo:
Electroplating Demo:
period 4 (LAB) :
Lab 2 STEM– design a voltaic cell with greatest voltage– modest breakfast up for grabs
Given the following electrodes: Sn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al
and solutions:
potassium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate, tin (II) chloride,
iron (III) chloride, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate
You and/or your group have one shot to produce the greatest voltage possible given the provided materials and your knowledge of voltaic cells and the principles of LeChateliers Principle.
I will put your voltaic cell together in the next lab period to test.
This is a slide-up lab done per each lab group. Please follow instructions:
This Lab write-up is a group slide-up. There is only one presentation per lab group and the entire group will get the same grade.
You need to present on the slides the following:
-
Title page with all Lab partners listed.
-
Objectives.
-
Materials Page listed with all available components
-
Labeled Diagram Slide of best voltaic cell design – Use a picture you took with your phone
A) labeled anode and cathode and identity of metals
B) direction of the flow of electrons.
C) all available ions present
D) salt in salt bridge – and ion flow
E) Charge on the electrodes
F) Half reactions for each half cell
G) Overall net ion equation
H) Eo cell
5. Diagram of manipulations of Spontaneity – U diagram, LeChateliers principle chart
6. Best Measured voltage (need a picture with the battery).
7. Discussion section of why your design or choice of materials lead you to your results. Chemical reactions are needed (overall reaction) as well as any side reactions that were competing, Why was you final choices better than your original and what factors came into play? Why was your design a compromise of ideas or concepts?
Today’s Electrolytic Cell Demo Lesson:
9/22 – Tuesday “C” Day – Homework
1: Complete Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic – 1999.pdf worksheet SIDE 1 One ONLY with
the lecture below that reviews question below!
Please complete side 1 of this worksheet the following ways:
a) You need to be able to draw and label the electrolytic cell that the question describes just like you did from the diagram of the demo’s today. 3 hints below will help!
* Please remember that you are heating the AlCl3 (s) until the ions are free. Based on the chemical formula you should be able to figure out what ions are present. Also this goal of the electrolytic cell is make the elemental form of each ion. We are looking to make pure Al and Chlorine gas (Cl2).
*Remember that you will include a battery (batt) in your diagram and depending where you draw the anode/cathode of the Battery (voltaic cell) and how you connect it to the electrodes (that do not react) in the electrolytic cell will determine which electrode is the anode/cathode in the electrolytic cell. There are many correct ways to diagram this.
*But the ions will move only to the correct electrode based on their charges!
b) The second part, determining how many grams was deposited on the cathode is tonight’s
stretch. Please read the Notes on Electrolytic Cell below.
c) Try making the calculation using the notes, the key, or the lecture. I suggest that you try it
after reading the notes and then view my lecture below to see how I did the question.
You could use the key below or just let me walk you through the problem.
Do not worry about the calculation in the second part if it give you trouble. I will go over and reteach that in class tomorrow.
Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic – 1999.pdf
Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic KEY – 1999.pdf
View Download
Lecture for question 1 on side 1(Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic):
NOTES on the Electrolytic cells:
These electrolytic problems are centered around a couple of concepts:
1. Coulomb = SI unit of charge
2. Faraday’s Constant
If the current in a circuit is 1 Ampere then 1 coulomb of charge passes a point in the circuit every second.
1.0 A = 1 C/sec (1 Amp = 1 Coulomb per second)
Abbreviation: C as in Amperes above
Equation symbol: q or Q (as in Coulombs Law)
q = -1.60 x 10-19 C in a single electron (the charge in a single electron = -1.60 x 10-19 C )
There are also 1.60 x 1018 electrons in 1 Coulomb
We use the concept of Coulomb to connect Amperes which measures current (or measure amount of the flow of electrons) that is being pushed through the conductor (or wire) by a voltage (Energy). A measures amperage over a measures amount of time will give us the AMOUNT OF CHARGE that passes over a point in the wire IN THAT TIME INTERVAL.
So Amperage (A = C/sec ) describes TOTAL CHARGE IN A TIME INTERVAL! So the key is the TIME and measured Amperage will give us total charge.
Now once we have TOTAL CHARGE we can relate Faraday’s Constant which came from Faraday’s laws of electrolysis that *basically states:
1: The mass of the deposited metal is directly proportional to the quantity of electrical charge that passes through the electrolyte.
2: For the same quantity of electricity or charge passes through different electrolytes, the mass of the deposited chemical is directly proportional to its chemical equivalent and inversely proportional to its valency.
Now at the time of Michael Faraday there was very little support for the idea of atoms , atomic or moles. Just chemical properties. One property that was well know was the valency of elements. Copper has a valency 2 because they knew 2 Cl ions would bind with Cu. This valency of course is valence electrons and is related to the
ELECTRONS IN THE HALF REACTION!!!!
Cu+2 + 2e– —-> Cu (s)
There was no understanding of mole concept yet so Faraday could not relate these observations in an electrolytic cell to moles. Once the mole equivalent was determined in the turn of the Century (1905) could a constant be described that relates charge of electrons with a mole of electrons. Faraday set the stage and the mole concept closed the door. Faraday would dance aggressively happy is he saw what we can predict with this constant given in his name:
F (Fancy) = 96,500 C / 1 mole of electrons
SO we can Now link the Total charge we get from measures Amperes and Time to the Quantity of electrons that are being forced through conductor. Since these electrons are being used at each electrode to “Force” an non-spontaneous reaction we can use the ratio of electrons that are responsible for the Coulombs to determine the number of atoms that are being produced at either electrode.
In the case of Copper above there are 2e– per 1 Cu+2 in the half reaction above so
if there will be twice as many electrons needed as Cu atoms deposited.
Faraday’s constant the total charge (we get from Amperage and time) to total number of electrons in half reactions occurring at the electrodes. Using the ration of electrons to atoms produced in the half reaction we can determine the amount of atoms
Example: How many grams of Cu are deposited on the cathode in an electrolytic cell if the cell runs for 90 minutes at an amperage of 3.0 A?
End of Tuesday..
9/23 – Wednesday – “D” Day – period 2,3 (Lab) – I 2(B,D) 3(D) AP CHEMISTRY
– period 2,3 (Lab) – R 2(B,D) 3(D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 4 – I 3(B) 4(B,D) AP CHEMISTRY
-period 4 – R 3(B) 4(B,D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
– period 2,3 (Lab) – R 2(B,D) 3(D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
– period 4 – R 3(B) 4(B,D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
– The Blue and Orange teams are REMOTE today. Please move to the Remote Page.
period 2: Class period
Focus: To utilize Dimensional analysis to solve multistep problems and incorporate the mole concept with Faraday’s Constant to determine the amount of grams of solid metal collected or plated at the cathode in an electrolytic cell.
1. Review of Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic – 1999.pdf worksheet – (side one and into side 2).
Concepts:
Dimensional analysis – Using Units to guide multistep problems,
Mole concept – A how many number used in the ratios of chemistry
Faraday’s Constant – A link from total Charge of electrons in a circuit to how many electrons passed in the circuit
Its a ratio of negative charge (Coulombs) to how many (mole concept) electrons are responsible to make that charge.
2) Modeled Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic – 1999.pdf worksheet – side 2
Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic – 1999.pdf
Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic KEY – 1999.pdf
View Download
Faraday’s laws of electrolysis that *basically states:
1: The mass of the deposited metal is directly proportional to the quantity of electrical charge that passes through the electrolyte.
2: For the same quantity of electricity or charge passes through different electrolytes, the mass of the deposited chemical is directly proportional to its chemical equivalent and inversely proportional to its valency.
period 3: Lab
Lab 2 STEM– design a voltaic cell with greatest voltage– modest breakfast up for grabs
Given the following electrodes: Sn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al
and solutions:
potassium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate, tin (II) chloride,
iron (III) chloride, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate
You and/or your group have one shot to produce the greatest voltage possible given the provided materials and your knowledge of voltaic cells and the principles of LeChateliers Principle.
I will put your voltaic cell together in the next lab period to test.
This is a slide-up lab done per each lab group. Please follow instructions:
This Lab write-up is a group slide-up. There is only one presentation per lab group and the entire group will get the same grade.
You need to present on the slides the following:
-
Title page with all Lab partners listed.
-
Objectives.
-
Materials Page listed with all available components
-
Labeled Diagram Slide of best voltaic cell design – Use a picture you took with your phone
A) labeled anode and cathode and identity of metals
B) direction of the flow of electrons.
C) all available ions present
D) salt in salt bridge – and ion flow
E) Charge on the electrodes
F) Half reactions for each half cell
G) Overall net ion equation
H) Eo cell
5. Diagram of manipulations of Spontaneity – U diagram, LeChateliers principle chart
6. Best Measured voltage (need a picture with the battery).
7. Discussion section of why your design or choice of materials lead you to your results. Chemical reactions are needed (overall reaction) as well as any side reactions that were competing, Why was you final choices better than your original and what factors came into play? Why was your design a compromise of ideas or concepts?
-period 4 – Class – same as period 2
Today’s Class Lecture:
9/23 – Wednesday – “D” Day Homework:
1. BLUE TEAM that was on REMOTE today must complete slides 1 – 5 for LAB 2.
2. Complete the Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic – 1999.pdf worksheet (side 2) and review with key below and make sure you SKIP question 2d. For those in class today please, this was the worksheet that we were working on, so please complete it. For those on remote please complete it if you have not already and review with today’s class lecture that will be posted above the homework.
Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic – 1999.pdf
Stiochiometry 8 redox electrolytic KEY – 1999.pdf
View Download
3. Complete the Electrolytic Cell Form 2 below:
Electrolytic Cell Form 2 – 2021
End of Wednesday..
9/24 – Thursday “A” Day – period 2,3 (Lab) – I 2(A,C) 3(A) AP CHEMISTRY
–period 2,3 (Lab) – R 2(A,C) 3(A) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 4 – I 3(C) 4(A,C) AP CHEMISTRY
-period 4 – R 3(C) 4(A,C) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
–period 2,3 (Lab) – R 2(A,C) 3(A) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 4 – R 3(C) 4(A,C) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
RED and GREEN TEAM are REMOTE TODAY. Please move to the REMOTE PAGE.
period 2, period 4 (Class):
1. Review of the Electrolytic Cell Form 1 and 2.
Electrolytic Cell Form 1 – Google Forms – Key p.pdf
Lab 2 – Voltaic Cell Tests start from your Lab 2 Google Slide.
period 3 (LAB):
1. Lab 2 – Voltaic Cell Tests completion from your Lab 2 Google Slide.
2. Complete the Results and Conclusion in your Google Slide.
9/24 – Thursday “A” Day Homework:
1. Please make sure you have your proposed voltaic cell ready for testing in your next lab period.
The Red and Green Teams will have their voltaic cells tested tomorrow.
2. View the lecture below and follow along with me to complete the
Lecture on Electrolytic cell – Molarity calculations worksheet:
These are the calculations that I used to setup the next lab.
Electrolytic cell – Molarity calculations Key p .pdf
View Download
3: Complete Intro Electrolytic Cells worksheet 2.pdf worksheet and review with key below:
This worksheet is an example of a Past AP problem* that is asking for the students to solve for the Molarity or the concentration
of a initial concentration in an electrolytic cell. IT is based on the Lecture above.
It is a great example of how you have to understand the material.
This question is using a voltaic cell with Amperage type questions that usually are seen with electrolytic cells.
*The key to this worksheet is identifying that the electrochemical cell chemical reactions are for a voltaic cell and that its setup is a little
different then we have seen, except in Lab 2. The solutions will not always contain the ions of the metal electrode AND sometimes as in this case in this problem the oxidation occurs from the solution and not the Anode. They did not provide a diagram, but if you could
envision 2 platinum electrodes in the 2 solutions in separate cells with some sort of a salt bridge then you are Gucci.
*Also when they state, ” at which point the C2H5OH (aq) has been totally consumed” just means when all of the C2H5OH (aq) has oxidized and the reaction stops. How much Amperage (flow of electrons) was needed to run the oxidation half cell empty?
End of Thursday..
9/25 – Friday “B” Day – period 2, – I 2(B,D) 3(D) AP CHEMISTRY
– period 2, – R 2(B,D) 3(D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
-period 3,4 (LAB) – I 3(B) 4(B,D) AP CHEMISTRY
-period 3,4 (LAB) – R 3(B) 4(B,D) REMOTE INSTRUCTION
Blue team and Orange team are REMOTE Today!
– period 2, – period 3,4 (LAB)
1. Lab 2 completion – Voltaic Cell Tests – Each group or individual voltaic will have their shot to produce the voltaic cell with the greatest voltage.
Once the voltage is tested, the lab group will write the results section and the conclusion section.
– Results: Please take the image of your voltaic cell below and add it to your results slide.
How did your battery stack up against the others in class. Did you obtain the voltage that you were expecting? What was your percent error?
– Conclusion: Please READ carefully! AS you will lose the most points in this lab if your conclusion does not include the following.
What were the specific reasons for the results that you obtained? Do not be vague here. DO NOT JUST LIST ERRORS!! EXPLAIN what were the specific limitations that lead to your groups results.
What improvements could you make in your battery that would possibly improve your voltage that you NOW understand? Be specific. Explain why these changes would improve your results.
Please upload the picture of your voltaic cell to upload to your Lab Presentation.
I believe I have all students and groups tested:
Congrats to the winners!! You guys were just so positive throughout this process!
Here are the top voltages:
Blue Team: Han Chen
|
Blue Team: McKenna
|
Blue Team: Maddie
|
Blue Team: Victor
|
Blue Team: Kristina, James, & Dan
|
Blue Team: Tor
|
Orange Team Matt, Jack, Maximus
|
Orange Team: Kylah and Anabell
|
Orange Team: Christie
|
|
RED Team: Kade, Morgan, Liam, Gia
|
RED Team: Jack, Megan
|
RED Team: Theresa
|
|
Green Team: Layla, Emma, Evan |
Green Team: Gavin
|
Green Team: Samantha
|
|
9/25 – Friday “B” Day Homework:
Make sure Lab 2 is complete using the data collected and the guidelines above.
1. Please view the lecture on the electrolysis of water demo:
2. Complete and review the following worksheet with the key and/or Video below:
2. Start reviewing your electrolytic cell worksheets. A quiz is coming soon!
Electrolytic Problems Expanded worksheet Review Video:
3. Please complete the Form below:
THERE IS NO FORM THIS WEEKEND!
End of week 3!
Daniell Cell Demo 2 – Time Lapse – Helpful for Lab 2: