SUMMER INSTITUTE – Module 3 – Intro to Energy
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DUE by July 19th
5 HoursWe will start using The Regents Reference Table:
These are the most recent regents chemistry tables:
* Connections – So we have learned about intensive physical properties like Density which can be used to identify elements or compounds (substances) but the amount of energy that a substance has can change those properties. For instance, water which everyone seems to know has a density of 1.0 g/ml is only true at 4.0 degrees Celsius. That is why we usually deal with these values at set conditions. We will call these conditions for other values, Standard or for gases, STP (Standard Temperature, Standard Pressure). STP is listed in Table A of your reference table.
Hot and Cold Water Wave Tank Demo:
* Connections – Now that we understand the differences between all types of matter we need to begin our discussion in the energy changes that occur between physical and chemical changes in matter. Remember that all matter will have preferred low energy states. Things in nature tend to move toward more stability (LOW Energy) by releasing their extra energy but can also move to less stable states in energy (High Energy) when energy is available to be consumed (or absorbed). Activity 1: SKILL : Energy introduction overview: units Joules, calories, stability and energy, chemical changes and physical changes of energy, Exothermic (like exergonic) and Endothermic (like endergonic), ∆H and Table I (in reference table).
Notes: page 16, and Energy presentation slides 1 – 13.
*Endergonic represented a process where the Free Energy was absorbed while Exergonic represented a process where the Free energy was released (we rode the Energy Pony!!!!). When we are dealing with just heat absorbed or released we use Endothermic and Exothermic (thermal = heat).
1: Please view the lecture below and complete the form that is associated with information in the lecture based on questions from the file below called RAT 10 (Readiness Assessment Test 10).
2: View Slide 1 – 9.
3: Complete the energy introduction ditto and review with key below:
Form For Lecture 1:
Optional Lecture that reviews the Google Presentation below slides 1 – 13.
Activity 2: SKILL : Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius using linear Algebra. Completed.
1: Please use the following file to complete the assignment. You are essentially graphing 2 Fahrenheit temperatures (boiling water – 212 degrees F with the freezing point of water – 32 degrees F) with the Celsius equivalents. With this graph and linear algebra (y = mx + b) you will derive the formula that converts Fahrenheit into Celsius.
Please follow the directions with the video below and complete on file below.
Please keep this activity as I will collect this in September.
Temperature Scales Graphing assignment
Instructions for graphing assignment:
Activity 3: SKILL : Temperature and its scales – Completed.
Temperature measurements give us information if energy is being absorbed or released. They do not give us Energy but help us the determine the change in Energy.
*Connections: Energy that goes into a system (endothermic) or Energy that exits a system (exothermic) is neither created or destroyed. It is just converted from one form to another. There are plenty of forms that we saw from last year:
Example: Potential energy in Glucose (from the high energy bonds in the chemical compound) gets converted into heat (thermal) energy and kinetic energy (moving motor proteins that move muscles).
Here are some demos that I would of done to show how energy is interconvertible. Although not part if Regents Chemistry, keep in mind that Energy must disperse outward. (Second Law of Thermodynamics that states the Entropy must increase in the universe.) Remember the heat released in cellular repiration (using glucose) is necessary for the process to increase the entropy of the universe and make the process spontaneous’
1: Please watch the lecture 1.12 – Temperature below on the basics of temperature up to 15:40.
2: Please watch the the last part of the next lecture from 13:21 to the end that better explains the
the Kelvin Scale.
3: Please complete the temperature scales honors.pdf worksheet and review with the key below.
temperature scales honors.pdf
4: Complete RAT 12, using file below and form below:
Lecture 1.12 – Temperature Basics
(watch from 0 – 15:40)
(watch from 13:21 – 21:10)
Form for RAT 12:
Activity 4: SKILL : Calorimetry problems – Completed.
1: Please view Lecture below with the worksheet below.
2: Complete worksheet and review with key below.
3: View Demos.
Lecture: Temperature to Calorimetry math problems
DEmos:
Why doesn’t the the paper cup just burn (combust or react with oxygen).
Should look Familiar!
KClO3(s) + heat —> KClO3(l) 2KClO3(l) + heat —> 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
C12H22O11 + 35/2 O2 —> 12CO2 + 11H2O + heat (5635 kJ) Two solids are mixed in beaker that is placed on a wooden board that has a small amount of water on it and an endothermic reaction occurs! Watch Out!! Should look Familiar!
Energy + Sr(OH)2.8H2O (s) + 2 NH4SCN (s) –> Sr(SCN)2 (s) + 10 H2O (l) + 2 NH3 (g) H2O (l) —> H2O (s) + Energy Activity 5: SKILL Advanced Calorimetry problems – Completed.
1: Please watch lecture on problem 2 of the worksheet (harder of the 2 problems) and complete question with me.
2: Complete question 1 on your own (it is a bit easier) and review with the key below.
*Connections – We are incorporating the conservation of energy into our energy equations as we consider the energy released from one substance to the energy absorbed to another. We are also considering the concept that many objects or substances are involved in the energy transfer. Remember, what team are the substances on? Are the releasing or absorbing?
Calorie problems expanded honors.pdf
Activity 6: Calorimetry Lab – Determination of Calories per gram in a Cheeto- Completed.
1: Please complete the lab below with the file and the video below:
Lab 4 Honors Calorimety of a Cheese Curl Institute.pdf 2: I will physically collect this assignment in September with all your labs.
You should have a link to a google doc for this lab already.
Module Test 3- Once you are done with all activities please complete Test 3 – by using the file below and the form below:
If you would like a hard copy key with solutions I can email at your request. Remember none of this graded but I am getting a number to see how well you understand the topics. If you are enjoying this madness then you are at the right place. If this is very painful, I am sorry but you need these skills for AP Chemistry!!!
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In this demonstration potassium chlorate – K2ClO3 was heated to a liquid demonstrating an endothermic phase change and then decomposed into O2 and KCl. The oxygen reacted with the sugar in the Gummi Bear exothermically.